Fuel desulfurization is the process of removing sulfur compounds from fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and natural gas. Sulfur compounds in fuel can contribute to air pollution when burned, leading to the formation of sulfur dioxide and other harmful emissions. There are various methods of fuel desulfurization, including hydrodesulfurization, adsorption, extraction, and oxidation. These methods aim to reduce the sulfur content of the fuel to meet environmental regulations and reduce the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels. Research in fuel desulfurization focuses on developing more efficient and cost-effective methods for removing sulfur compounds from fuels, as well as finding ways to enhance the performance and durability of desulfurization catalysts. Additionally, researchers are exploring alternative fuels with lower sulfur content, such as biofuels and hydrogen, as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to the issue of sulfur emissions.